Visnyk of Kherson National Technical University

STATE LANGUAGE POLICY: CURRENT PROBLEMS

2022-01-11T16:35:57+02:00

The article considers the peculiarities of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism in modern Ukraine in the transformation of national priorities, which requires sociolinguistic research in temporal, spatial and personal dimensions and mandatory control and response by the state, because even a slight loss of the state language with imperial (already even hostile) Russian can lead to the same loss of position in the hybrid war with Russia, in particular in the information sphere. It is determined that the criteria for characterizing a language situation are quantitative (assuming the total number of speakers in a given situation, the number of speakers of each of the languages operating in this situation, the number of communicative areas where each of these languages operates); qualitative (indicate the nature of each language – a component of bilingualism, structural and genetic links between them, the functional significance of these components); evaluative (studied through the assessment of native speakers of a certain language and other languages of its communicative significance) – are involved in factors of language choice (which language is native, ethnic, language of communication in the family, team, region, the need to master it, language prestige) .

It is concluded that the vast majority of respondents have a positive attitude to the Ukrainian language as the state and dominant language in Ukraine, have an understanding of its functioning in public communication, media space and education, do not experience difficulties in using it. However, the danger to the Ukrainian language is the oral sphere of communication in the city (except Western Ukrainian), as well as increasing the share of those who predict official bilingualism, and not vice versa, as it was in the early 90's and as it should be in a reasonable public policy.

SOME ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF STATE REGULATORY POLICY IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE

2022-03-30T11:49:19+03:00

The article is devoted to the disclosure of some aspects of the formation of state regulatory policy in the field of construction and architecture. The issues of the institute of state control in the field of construction, which is one of the important indicators of the level of socio-economic development of the state, are highlighted. It is determined that the weakness and ineffectiveness of norms related to the implementation of proper state control over compliance with legislation, building codes and regulations, design decisions in the field of construction and architecture, do not contribute to the application of these norms. At the same time, one of the most important tasks of the current stage of reforming the field of construction and architecture of Ukraine is to create favorable conditions by improving the existing state regulatory policy in this area.

The processes of formation and implementation of state regulatory policy in the field of construction and architecture, which include various mechanisms, tools and methods of regulation, the relationship between the concepts of "public policy" and "state regulatory policy" in this area, their types, forms, directions, etc.

One of the regulatory mechanisms is the state architectural and construction control carried out by the authorized central executive bodies, the State Inspectorate of Ukraine for Architectural and Construction and its territorial bodies, and some functions are transferred to the relevant executive bodies of local self-government. It was found that the system of state control in the field of construction and architecture does not have a development strategy, which creates additional problems during the processes of its implementation.

It is investigated that the transfer of functions and parts of powers to exercise state construction control from the State Inspectorate of Ukraine for Architectural and Construction Control to local governments and local executive bodies during decentralization is a positive moment. Since this control is carried out through the mechanism of administrative regulation, it is a necessary element of the system of administrative and legal regulation of construction activities and the effective implementation of state regulatory policy in the field of construction and architecture. The effectiveness of regulatory policy in this area is possible only if there are appropriate mechanisms for its implementation.

It is generalized that the development of state regulatory policy in the field of construction and architecture of the level is the correct formation of regulatory actions (management decisions implemented by relevant regulations of state planning or comprehensive planning document) taking into account the socio-economic situation.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION OF STATE BODIES

2022-03-30T12:01:26+03:00

The article is devoted to the disclosure of methodological aspects of the development of digitalization of state authorities. The problematics regarding the fact that society, being in a state of transformation, affects all spheres of public life, is highlighted. It is stated that the use of the latest achievements of informatics, computing and telecommunications technology are those innovative opportunities for the effective management of the state and its economy. Therefore, the development of the information society in Ukraine and the introduction of information and communication technologies in all spheres of public life is one of the priority areas of state policy.

It is described that the rapid increase in the volume of information has led to an increase in the importance of scientific methods for processing, classifying, analyzing and synthesizing information that deserve special attention in the areas of public administration.

It has been studied that one of the most effective means of improving the quality of public administration is digitalization (digitalization), which should be considered from an instrumental point of view as a mechanism used to improve public administration. As for the strategic vision and development goals of the state, the analysis of "big data" can be singled out among the most popular technologies. A list of the main sources of "big data" that could be used to make managerial decisions and factors that will provoke the need for high-quality digitalization of public administration are disclosed.

It has been established that the correct analysis and presentation of information are becoming essential factors for making effective public administration decisions, and the ability to use methods for verifying and analyzing information is an important professional and qualification characteristic of modern public administration leaders. Indeed, modern methods and approaches to the digitalization of state bodies mainly focus on the theoretical aspects of the analysis and almost do not contain a practical analysis of the methodological foundations of information and analytical support for public administration.

It is analyzed that when considering digitalization methods, it is impossible not to mention that they intersect with the methodology of many sciences, such as: sociology, political science, economics, mathematics, logic, computer science, the basics of management, and the symbiosis of these methods allows you to create various kinds of models. used to form managerial decisions, including with the help of decision support systems or expert systems.

INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM: THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ASPECT

2022-04-06T14:55:07+03:00

The rapid development of information technology is gradually transforming the world. At the same time, the benefits of the modern digital world and the development of information technology have led to new threats to national and international security. There are cases of illegal information creation, collection, obtaining, storage, usage, dissemination, illegal financial transactions, theft and fraud on the Internet. A variant of the general "security" category is the "national security" concept. National security should be understood as the individual’s, society and the state, national values, lifestyle vital interests protection, from a wide range of external and internal threats, that are different in nature.

The administrative-legal aspect has an important place in determining the multidimensional content of the studied concept, as the national security peculiarity from administrative-legal positions is that one of the parties to administrative-legal relations is the appropriate bearer of national security powers over other subjects of these relations.

Administrative and legal regulation, as a kind of state regulation, is a mechanism of imperative and normative regulation of the organization. It also involves management’s activities of subjects and objects and the formation of a stable legal order of their functioning.

The concept of "national security" is a dynamic and not a static phenomenon. It must keep changing and therefore should change its administrative and legal aspects.

Summarizing the above on the administrative and legal aspects of Ukrainian national security, we can state that we have outlined the main directions of development of the system; increasing the efficiency of the security sector of Ukraine can be done by establishing management activities and improving the regulatory framework, which, in turn, will regulate legal relations in the national security field. It was found that the use of progressive world and European experience should be based solely on in-depth analysis, taking into account the historical development of each country, its unique traditions and values, and further international cooperation should be carried out to ensure security and peace.

MEDIATION AS A WAY OF RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: HUMANISTIC ASPECT

2022-03-30T12:20:13+03:00

In the article, in the context of establishing the rule of law in Ukraine, the problems of introducing mediation as a means of resolving legal disputes, including those in the field of public administration, are considered, with the definition of the humanistic nature of this procedure. It was revealed that the principle of the rule of law presupposes the priority of human rights, legal justice, the possibility of access to court, the obligation of a court decision for public authorities, which correlate with moral virtues – equality, conscientiousness, tolerance, which characterize mediation as a stable guideline in resolving legal disputes. Emphasis is placed on the use in the terminological apparatus of mediation corresponding to the Russian word «dispute» used in the legal field of Ukraine – the term «superеchka», which corresponds to the national nature of law and the essence of mediation.

It was found that in addition to the parties to a legal dispute, an intermediary takes part in the mediation process – a mediator who monitors the observance of the procedure, without deeply interfering in the dispute; can assess the positions of the parties without influencing the resolution of the conflict, but only offering their opinion on this matter. The parties must, in cooperation with him and among themselves, proving their position, eliminate the dispute, which forms a sense of confidence in the fairness of the final decision. It is noted that the public administration in the case of a mediated resolution of an administrative conflict turns from a leading structure into a client one, becomes equal with private individuals, and the mediator does not allow the interests of administrative bodies to become over the interests of individuals, which implements the principle of due care in the activities of public administration.

As a conclusion, it is determined that the mediation procedure is characterized by a humanistic nature, characterized by confidentiality, peaceful settlement, consistency, equality of the parties; the ability to control the entire procedure and make a final decision that complies with the principles of mediation – voluntariness, confidentiality, neutrality, independence and impartiality of the mediator, self-determination and equality of rights of the parties, through negotiations making a fair decision.

SPAIN'S HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BOLOGNA PROCESS: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECT

2022-04-06T15:18:37+03:00

The article emphasizes that further socio-economic and political changes in society, strengthening the statehood of Ukraine, its entry into the civilized world community are impossible without modernizing the higher education system aimed at training specialists at the level of international requirements; Proves that today's Europe needs to consolidate the efforts of the scientific and educational community and European governments to significantly increase the competitiveness of the European science and higher education system in the global dimension and to increase its role in social change; it is emphasized that despite the achievements of education provided by the new socio-political system of Ukraine, it, however, still does not provide the required quality; draws attention to the fact that many graduates of higher education institutions in our country have not yet reached the appropriate level of competitiveness in the European labor market, which, in turn, requires a deeper analysis of trends in European and world education; it is proved that reforming the education system of Ukraine, its improvement and improving the quality is the most important socio-cultural problem, which is largely due to globalization and the need to create positive conditions for individual development, socialization and self-realization in this world; it is shown that these processes dictate first of all the need to define, harmonize and approve regulatory and legal support in the field of education, taking into account the requirements of international and European systems of standards and certification; the peculiarities of the structure of higher education in Spain are analyzed, the general system of higher education of this European state and its current state are highlighted; Given that Ukraine is on the way to European standards in education, there is an urgent need to study the promising educational experience of European countries, testing and implementation of innovative pedagogical systems. That is why the study and analysis of the Spanish higher education system, and in particular higher professional education, can provide a significant example of the organization, improvement and improvement of the education system in Ukraine.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN RESOURCES POLICY IN THE FIELD OF MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

2022-02-20T14:35:40+02:00

The article considers the theoretical foundations of personnel policy in the field of education at the local level. Based on the analysis of recent research, regulations, educational practice, it is determined that personnel policy is a strategic activity of the education management body aimed at ensuring planning, forecasting, formation, professional development and rational use of personnel in the education system. The author formulates the goal of personnel policy, which in the internal direction of the function is aimed at the formation and effective use of human resources, strengthening labor potential, motivation and incentives for local government officials and other management professionals, and externally - to ensure labor legislation in subordinate educational institutions , other legislative and regulatory acts in the field of education in order to develop the human resources of education. The classification of personnel policy principles is given: scientificity, consistency, system, legality, justice, equality, adaptability, functional integration, corporatism, structure, which ensure democratization of personnel management, optimization of human resources and through which the interaction of education management with heads of educational institutions. The structure of personnel policy is stated, which contains components: personnel planning and forecasting, formation of labor collective, personnel training, evaluation of labor collective activity; for each of them specific management actions are specified. Procedures for implementing personnel policy are defined, attention is focused on experience and problems of their application. It has been studied that personnel policy can be active or passive; the criteria of manifestation of one or another of its types are singled out. Factors influencing the development of personnel policy (demographic, financial and economic, structural and organizational, logistical, scientific and methodological) have been identified.

METHOD OF "MANEUVER" IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND IN CREATING MARKET ADVANTAGES OF ENTERPRISES IN THE MARKET OF MEANS OF PRODUCTION

2022-01-12T20:29:34+02:00

Article considers the problems of improving the strategic management of enterprises producing industrial goods. This should imply the need to create market advantages. The aim of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the functioning of modern enterprises in conditions of increased competition and justify the need to improve strategic management by creating market advantages of domestic producers using the latest management methods.

The method of "maneuver" developed by the author and described must be applied comprehensively, based on the use of methods of occupying a strong market position and the formation of strategies to more fully control the market, leveling the risks of incomplete implementation. The result of the introduction of this method is expected to obtain market advantages of domestic producers of means of production.

The author's development of the strategy of control of factors of efficiency of sale of the enterprises of agricultural mechanical engineering is based on interference of their profiles on levels of influence and controllability that is actual taking into account multifactorial influence. A set of means to increase the impact on the consumer of agricultural machinery to establish a long-term relationship between producer and consumer based on the addition of the purchase model of Theodore Levitt.

The method of "maneuver" developed by the author for the practice of strategic management is based on obtaining market advantages by enterprises producing means of production. It will allow you to establish the factors that led to a favorable or unfavorable situation for them and their products, to determine the means of improving the situation of the enterprise and its products. Correlation of certain cells with data allows you to select strategic priorities aimed at maintaining the correct marketing of products.

DETERMINATION OF PROCESSING OF WARP AND WEFT THREADS IN TWO-WEFT TAPESTRY

2022-01-24T16:04:33+02:00

The Slutsk Belts factory has a unique Mageba loom designed to revive the traditions of hand-weaving Slutsk belts using modern equipment. The machine is equipped with a six-shuttle mechanism with a two-sided change of shuttle boxes, has a program control. Jacquard machine LX 1602 from Staubli allows you to reproduce complex multi-color ornamental compositions in fabric. The filling width of the loom is 50 cm, which is due to the width of the Slutsk belts, but it introduces significant restrictions on the design of modern textile products. The company produces copies of authentic silk belts, as well as textile souvenirs – decorative items, mainly of a tapestry structure.

This work is devoted to the study of the structural parameters of a two-weft tapestry, on the basis of which a collection of souvenirs inspired by Slutsk belts. In the weft tapestry, the pattern on the outer sides of the fabric is formed exclusively by weft threads, so the pattern contains colour effects belonging to wefts, in the developed product there are two of them. In colour, one side of the fabric is a negative image of the other side.

As a result of studying the structure of the fabric in sections, geometric models were built with the actual location of the threads in the fabric and with the maximum compaction of the fabric along the warp and weft. Based on the models, mathematical dependencies were established to calculate the complex structure parameter - the coefficients of filling the fabric with fibrous material, the processing of warp and weft threads, with the help of which it is possible to evaluate the conditions for fabric production on the loom and determine the consumption of raw materials per unit of production.

The designed fabric was produced at the Slutsk Belts factory on a six-shuttle loom SLXP 540/1 S 550 by Mageba. The deviation in the values of the processing of the main and weft threads, the surface density of the fabric from the theoretical ones differ slightly, up to 5.0%, which is acceptable in the practice of designing fabrics.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE REGION

2022-02-15T18:31:06+02:00

The article analyzes the influence of the main factors on the development of investment activities of agricultural enterprises in the region.

The effectiveness of the implementation of the state investment policy for the development of agriculture, which depends on many factors, including the principles of its implementation, the reality of the designated goals and mechanisms for achieving them, has been studied. A systematic approach to solving this problem can have not only theoretical, but also practical significance.

It has been determined that the main task of the state investment policy for the development of agriculture is its purposeful influence on the totality of factors characteristic of the agrarian sector that directly or indirectly determine the quality of the formation of the agrarian investment market, the efficiency of agricultural production, the level of environmental friendliness of rural areas, the social standards of rural residents, the food security of the country , providing raw materials for processing enterprises, etc.

The main functions of the investment process in agriculture are revealed. Investment activity in agriculture must be considered as the unity and continuity of the actions of investing funds and generating income.

Consequently, the regulation of the investment process is the most important instrument of state support for agriculture in the region. In addition to direct participation in the investment process, the state can actively influence it by examining investment projects and programs, antimonopoly measures, monitoring compliance with norms and standards, introducing a special tax system, pricing policy and other mechanisms of influence. The state, implementing its own investment policy, has a systemic impact on the development of agriculture both at the country level and at the level of its regions and agricultural enterprises.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE

2022-02-02T18:50:59+02:00

The article investigates the theoretical and methodological principles of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. It is proved that the stability of modern society is largely determined by the nature of agricultural production, which, being one of the main types of economic activity, provides humanity with food. The study found that currently for the conditions of Ukraine one of the most important areas of transformation of agricultural production is the concept of sustainable development of agriculture, according to which agriculture must simultaneously meet society's food needs, ensure a high standard of living and not harm the environment. A retrospective of the origin of the term "sustainable development" is studied. In the context of this study, there is reason to believe that the problem of sustainable development combines three important interrelated aspects - socio-economic, natural and technological. Based on the theoretical generalizations made in the study, it is proved that sustainable development is designed to take into account the requirements of ecological cycles and effectively restore them. Since the agro-industrial complex is one of the most important components of the general economic system, the sustainability of its development largely determines the nature of the functioning of the socio-economic system as a whole. It is proved that the sustainable functioning of the agro-industrial complex is a way of interaction between society and the environment formed during a specific historical period, which reflects the level of society development, the specifics of society's satisfaction of needs and contributes to the reproduction of available natural resources. In the most general form, the main task of sustainable development of agriculture is to ensure dynamic socio-economic growth, environmental protection and rational use of natural resource potential to meet the needs of present and future generations by building a highly efficient economic system.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CANNING PRODUCTION

2022-02-12T09:03:07+02:00

The article is devoted to the formation of organizational and economic mechanism of development of fruit and vegetable canning production in Ukraine. It has been determined that the main components of organizational-economic mechanism of activity and development of fruit and vegetable canning industry are: regulation of the integrity of enterprises' development; regulation of innovation and investment activity on the basis of own capital; regulation of financial activity; creating conditions for the realization of operational activity; conducting effective commercial activity; providing incentive-motivational social conditions; providing informational and analytical support.

The conceptual bases of creation of new organizational structure for the development of fruit and vegetable processing in Ukraine have been formed. The definition of the strategic alliance of a new type in relation to the system of fruit and vegetables tinned production has been given. This structure is an organic unity of production, investment, innovation, financial, marketing and other activities of enterprises united on the chain-network (technological and functional) principle in an interconnected system of functional "fields": production of raw materials, procurement and storage, processing, sales.

Creation of integrated fruit and vegetables and canning structures of the "new alliance" type will allow to solve the problems of the branch development by means of organizational and economic mechanism of the branch development in the system of the alliance. Possibilities of the alliance allow solving the following problems: satisfying the existing and future needs of consumers in high-quality food products; providing canneries with quality raw materials of domestic origin; overcoming disparity of prices and optimization of profit distribution between the links of the technological chain; combining financial capabilities of enterprises to solve development problems; providing agricultural producers with guaranteed product sales at an adequate price; the renewal of the technical and technological basis of the productions; the increase of the economic effectiveness of the alliance production, the cost reduction, the more precise revealing and the use of the reserves of the economic development; the spread of the corporate culture, the newest ways of the work organization, the increase of the collective consciousness, the motivation of the creative activity; the increase of the labour productivity; the introduction of the modern quality management systems; fuller and more rational use of the resources; the decision of the problem of the cadre providing.

STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF LENDING TO SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2022-02-20T19:32:06+02:00

Small and medium-sized businesses play an important role in the functioning of the socio-economic system of the country. The full implementation of innovation and social functions by small and medium-sized enterprises can help Ukraine's economy emerge from the systemic crisis exacerbated by the consequences of quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlights the need for state support for this segment of the economy. However, one of the main obstacles to the development of entrepreneurship is the lack of own funds, which exacerbates its need for borrowed resources, especially in bank loans. The current practice of lending to small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine in order to determine its key parameters and efficiency in conditions of limited financial resources and increase the turbulence of the institutional environment is analyzed in the article. The legally regulated distribution of business entities depending on the number of employees and income from any activity for the year is considered. It is proved that small and medium business, as an institutional sector of Ukraine's economy, is dominant in the number and volume of products sold and plays an important social role - provides jobs and income for the majority of the population. The number of operating enterprises in Ukraine, the volume of products (goods, services) sold by them and the number of employees by the size of the business entity in 2018-2020 are considered, the share of each group is determined. The current state of bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses is analyzed. The structure and dynamics of loans granted by banks of Ukraine, other financial corporations, non-financial corporations and natural persons-entrepreneurs according to the size of the business entity are considered. According to the results of monitoring interest rates on new loans, it is proved that large business in Ukraine is lent at lower rates than small and medium enterprises. The main types of financial state support for small and medium enterprises in Ukraine are considered. The need to develop a comprehensive approach to creating a favorable environment for the development of lending to small and medium-sized businesses is substantiated.

SIMULATION OF A PHOTOTHERMOELECTRIC CONVERTER OPERATION

2022-02-22T16:27:56+02:00

The performance of photoelectric converters is limited by the temperature factor that causes a decrease of generated power and efficiency when the operating temperature rises. A number of approaches have been proposed to solve the heating problem, including integration with a thermoelectric generator. In such systems, thermal energy is utilized by a thermoelectric module to obtain additional electrical power, while the photovoltaic converter temperature decreases, leading to improve electrical generation. The variety of converter materials, designs, and operating conditions require investigation of the integrated photothermoelectric systems operating modes in each specific application.

In this paper, we consider a photothermoelectric converter based on mechanically connected single-crystal silicon photoelectric converter and Bi₂Te₃ low-temperature thermoelectric module that are widely presented on the power equipment market. A simulation model of such converter has been created in the Matlab/Simulink software environment to study the influence of operating conditions on energy performance and temperature operating conditions of integrated photothermoelectric converter.

Based on photovoltaic converter critical operating temperature the integrated converter external operating conditions, in particular, the expedient range of solar radiation flux concentration ratio, were determined by modeling. The photovoltaic and thermoelectric contribution to the whole power of the hybrid photothermoelectric converter was estimated, and the corresponding converters efficiencies were determined. It is shown, that the energy gain from the photoelectric and thermoelectric converters integration is observed at solar radiation concentration ratio above 16 and allows increasing the power of a photothermoelectric converter by 1.6 times compared to only photoelectric convertor operating in similar irradiance conditions. Based on the analysis of obtained data, the ways to increase the integrated photothermoelectric converter efficiency are proposed.

FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE PASSENGER MANAGEMENT MECHANISM IN A SUBURBAN COMMUNICATION

2022-02-13T07:38:44+02:00

This paper considers the features of the formation and application of an effective mechanism for managing passenger traffic in suburban traffic. It is noted that foreign experience is a clear example of economic feasibility and social necessity of suburban passenger transport. It is noted that stimulating the increase of mobility of the population at the expense of passenger transportations in suburban zones promotes increase of indicators of gross domestic and regional product in modern conditions.

A SWOT analysis was conducted, according to which the main priorities for the development of suburban passenger transport in Ukraine were identified. The definition of the mechanism of passenger transportation in suburban traffic as a system of transportation of people, which should be coordinated, controlled and regulated by the state. The general scheme of the mechanism of management of passenger transportations in suburban communication is presented. It is substantiated that its implementation should be based on two main positions: the coordinating influence of state regulation and the participation of the private sector, in particular, in the role of suburban passenger companies.

The main problems that restrain the growth of the volume and quality of demand for suburban transportation have been identified. The principles on the basis of which effective administrative actions in the field of suburban passenger transportations should be based are described. It is noted that these principles should be based on the need for state regulation and the coordinating and controlling role of state and local authorities. The need to create suburban passenger companies, which can solve the problem of increasing the profitability of suburban transportation, depreciation of fixed assets and increase their purchases. Proposals for improving the quality of transport services based on the functioning of the mechanism for managing passenger traffic in suburban traffic.

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE CONDITIONS OF UNIFORM MILLING OF THE WORKING SURFACES OF WHEEL SET

2022-02-21T17:54:03+02:00

In this paper, it is shown the possibility of increasing the efficiency of processing during the restoration repair of the profile of the working surface of wheel pairs of rail vehicles through the development and use of new designs of special shaped cutters, which is an urgent scientific and technical problem for modern mechanical engineering. The most important factor in ensuring the durability of special shaped cutters is the strength and reliability of their design. The desire to improve the surface finishing of the surface leads to a decrease in the distance between the individual cylindrical cutting elements in the tool holder. This negatively affects the strength of the tool holder, weakens the partitions between adjacent cylindrical cutting elements, and under conditions of cyclic loads, leads to weakening of the frame of cylindrical cutting elements in the mounting holes, which can lead to destruction of both individual cutting elements and the tool holder as a whole. Reducing the load of special shaped cutters acting on one separate cylindrical cutting element is possible by increasing the number of cylindrical cutting elements and tool holders located in the body with a different angle of inclination than the existing one. The research showed that there is a possibility of a reasonable choice of the angle of inclination of the tool holders in the body of a special shaped cutter for the KZh20 machine which helps to eliminate the defects in the working surface of the wheelsets of rail vehicles. Changing the angle of inclination of tool holders in the body of a special shaped cutter allows to increase the number of tool holders and cylindrical cutting elements, which ensure the reliability and strength of the frame of the special shaped cutters and increasing the efficiency of the restoration of the profile of the working surface of wheel pairs of rail vehicles.

RESEARCH OF MODELS OF EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SOLAR PHOTOELEMENTS IN THE LANGUAGES OF ADAPTIVE POSITIONING

2022-03-30T11:37:23+03:00

The paper considers one of the problems of solar power plants, namely, a decrease in the volume of energy generation due to a change in the angle of incidence of the sun's rays. The larger the angle, the less power generation. To increase the amount of energy produced, tracking systems of solar stations are used. Due to the positioning mechanisms of photocells relative to the position of the sun in the sky, it is possible to maintain a fixed angle of incidence of sunlight on the panel. This positioning allows you to maintain maximum power generation during daylight hours.

To compare positioning methods, a study was made of power generation by simulating panel operation under different conditions. Three main models have been formed: solar panels without adaptive positioning, solar panels with uniaxial positioning, and solar panels with biaxial positioning. To evaluate the effectiveness of each method, criteria were selected for comparison: the amount of energy generated and the energy consumption of the adaptive positioning system.

The resulting models took into account the costs of maintaining adaptive positioning systems. As a result, when using panels with single axis positioning, energy production increases by 22.1% during the year. If a two-axis adaptive positioning system is used, then the increase in energy production will be 24.2% compared to a single-axis positioning system.

The model data were compared for each month of the year. During the summer months, the energy yield of solar panels with dual axis positioning is reduced relative to other solar panel positioning methods. The reason is the increase in temperature from direct sunlight, which reduces the efficiency of work. But in other months of the year, the biaxial positioning system performs better, which offsets the performance in the summer. Especially in winter, when a lot of energy is spent on heating.

USE OF NUMERICAL METHODOLOGY AND DECISION-MAKING THEORY IN THE PROCESS OF IT SPECIALIST TRAINING

2022-01-12T16:29:41+02:00

The use of economic-mathematical models and optimization methods of decision-making is one of the effective ways to determine the socio-economic development of the economic system. Today, in modern realities, the formalization of development processes and the structure of the country as a complex dynamic system can be described only in the long run, given the factors of uncertainty and risk. To solve the problem of forecasting the socio-economic development of the country, taking into account the factors of influence and determining the resources of development is impossible without the use of information technology. Some experimental procedures require the development of individual algorithms using modern software. It is the use of tools of economic and mathematical modeling for decision-making in various fields of management on the basis of modern information technology that reduces the risk of calculation errors. In this regard, it is important for high-quality training of IT professionals to add conceptual foundations of the methodology of numerous methods and theory of decision-making, which includes a combination of professional basic knowledge with practical skills of modern software development. The article substantiates the relevance of students' development of such educational components as optimization methods for decision making, methods of solving the main problems of numerical analysis, software development for their implementation.

The practical results presented in the article are used to develop a theoretical course and guidelines in the following educational components: «Multiple Methods», «Decision Theory» for students majoring in 121 "Software Engineering".

ANALYSIS OF MODERN ADVANCES IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING FOR CREATING A UNIVERSAL ASCII-ART CONVERSION ALGORITHM

2022-02-06T10:11:18+02:00

The paper considers the advantages of using ASCII-art technologies. The wide availability and popularity of textual communication channels encourages the use of ASCII-art to represent images. Modern approaches to creating a drawing in the ASCII-art style are analyzed. In the course of the study, various ways of creating ASCII drawings using computer programs were shown. Efficient modern algorithms for converting images into ASCII format have been identified. A perfect algorithm for converting an arbitrary image into ASCII format is proposed, which allows you to evaluate all the advantages of ASCII-art, such as small size of the picture, universality, internationality.

Designed and developed a perfect and convenient mobile application that allows you to download the target image from the internal storage or instant photo from the camera and optimizes the process of converting images to ASCII-art. The designed system is a software application that provides more advanced functionality than existing analogues and is an independent product that is not based on any existing systems. To create a software application, a statically typed object-oriented programming language Kotlin was used, and AndroidStudio was chosen as an integrated development environment. The application is intended for sole use. The algorithm for converting images into an ASCII format consists of the following steps: preparing an image for processing, which makes it possible to eliminate incorrect image scaling in the ratio itself and image processing.

Experiments were carried out on the independent creation of ASCII-art drawings. The obtained results indicate that the creation of modules for converting ASCII art images will reduce the amount of information stored on servers, attract new users by following the youth direction along with global trends and popularize ASCII graphics among already registered users. The use of the developed application will allow creative individuals to expand the ways of self-realization with the help of modern technologies, overcoming the limitations caused by the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Drawings with symbols are a universal means of communication designed to connect humanity, overcome the barriers of natural languages and state borders.

DESIGN OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE THERMAL REGIME OF A BUILDING WITH A PASSIVE CLOSED HEATING SYSTEM

2022-02-04T19:52:37+02:00

With the constant rise in energy prices, the desire to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, as well as the shortage of fossil fuels that can be used for heating, attract attention to methods of improving energy efficiency and energy conservation. One of such methods is passive heating systems, in which the processes of reception, accumulation and use of solar energy to maintain the thermal regime of the building are carried out naturally, in the architectural and building elements of the building. The use of these systems can significantly reduce energy costs for heating and cooling the building. Various modern technologies are used to study and visualize the phenomena and processes that take place inside the physical system, which is a building with a passive heating system, in particular, the method of computer modeling.

The paper considers the thermal processes necessary to understand the formation of heat loss and heat in the building, as well as thermal diagrams of the building and its structural elements, which is the basis for developing a computer system for modeling thermal modes of the building and determining spatial and thermal parameters. . The purpose of this work is to create thermal schemes of a building with a passive heating system and its enclosing structures, to determine the functions and conceptual model of a computer system for studying the thermal regime of the building. The main results of the research are the proposed thermal schemes of the building with a passive closed heating system and the conceptual model of the proposed computer system. The considered schemes allow to better understand the heat transfer processes occurring in building constructions and passive closed heating systems, and can also become a qualitative basis for further research. The scientific novelty is the constructed thermal schemes and the conceptual scheme of the proposed computer system.